insights on tech and world

What is Operating System (OS) ?

If you are given a computer from the market without installing Windows, will you be able to run it, your answer will be no and that is because it does not have an operating system or operating system, then what happens after this operating system Let us know –

What is Operating System ?

In true words, without the operating system, the computer is nothing more than a tin, the operating system is the only means with which we can access our talk to the computer hardware or give commands to the hardware. The operating system acts as a bridge between the hardware and our users. Only by changing the operating system, you can type any letter on the keyboard and print it from the printer. That is, the better the operating system, the less tension you have.

The operating system has a complete account of users, hardware, programs i.e. software. That is, you can do the same work with it, which is given in it, in order to take other work, you have to install the program ie software in the operating system according to your convenience. Such as browser for using MS Office or Internet for letter typing and office related tasks, in addition to audio and video player for playing videos and audios.

What is RAM ?

According to the structure of the computer, memory is that part of the computer that stores data and process data input by the user, data in memory, information, and during the program process. It is present and is available immediately when required. It is also called primary memory or main memory. Primary memory is of two types RAM i.e. Random Access Memory and ROM i.e. Read Only Memory Here we are going to know about RAM i.e. Random Access Memory –

Random Access Memory (RAM) –
This memory is also called the temporary memory of the computer, no data is stored in it, as long as the computer is turned on, the data or program is temporarily stored in the RAM and the computer processor uses this memory to get the required data. Uses data and as soon as you shut down the computer, all the data gets deleted, so it is (RAM) also called Volatile Memory.

What are the types of RAM?

There are three types of RAM –
• Dynamic RAM
• Synchronous RAM
• Static RAM

Let’s know about them briefly-

• Dynamic RAM

This is known as DRAM, data in DRAM is stored in a memory cell, each memory cell consists of a transistor and a capacitor, in which a small amount of data is stored but after about 4 milliseconds the memory cell is transferred to the controller memory. Keep refreshing Refresh means that they rewrite data, so DRAM is much slower, but it consumes less power than other memory and does not deteriorate for a long time.

• Synchronous RAM

Synchronous RAM is faster than DRAM because it refreshes faster than DRAM Synchronous RAM refreshes with CPU clock speed, so it can transfer data faster.

• Static RAM

This is known as SRAM, Static RAM is less refreshed but it is able to keep the data in memory for a longer time, it stores the data as long as the system keeps getting current, it is able to store the data very fast. Accesses Static RAM, the data store remains until it is refreshed, it is also called Cache RAM.

What is Apple’s retina display ?

Nowadays, the prevalence of laptop, tablet or smartphone has increased so much that we keep busy in them all day, which means that our eyes are also busy, due to which our eyes also get different types of problems, Since the sharp light of the screen of all these types of Gadgets directly harms our eyes, keeping this in mind, Apple Company’s founder Steve Jobs developed a technique so that the screen of the phone does not harm your eyes.

We are able to see the picture on any display (laptop, tablet or smartphone, ipad, macbook etc) through Pixel, and to see any image more clearly it is necessary to have more number of Pixel. These pixels have been greatly increased in the Retina display technology, so that there is less effect on our eyes while looking at the screen, it is exactly like reading a book. And this technique has also been created because of this. This screen does not have much brightness, just it is more clear than other screens.

Apple launched the iMac with 5K Retina Display which comes with the best resolution display in the world.

What is Cache Memory

Be it computer or mobile, you must have heard about Cache Memory, most of the people have heard about harddisk as memory or about RAM but what is this cache memory? And where is it and what are the benefits of Cache Memory, let’s try to know what is Cache Memory.

Cache memory, whether it is of the phone or of the computer, does any work very fast, in fact the cache memory is very small in size but much faster than the main memory of the computer, it is called the CPU. Also called memory, the programs and instructions that are used repeatedly, cache memory saves them inside itself,The processor checks the cache memory before processing any data and if that file is not found there, then after that it checks the RAM ie primary memory, thus you get the computer and your phone also works faster.

Advantages of Cache Memory

The computer processor normally takes about 180 nanoseconds (1 second = 1 billion nanoseconds) to read data from RAM but when this data is retrieved from cache memory it takes only 45 nanoseconds. If so, then you must have understood how profitable is the cache memory in the computer and the phone, due to the cache memory, the speed of your phone and computer increases significantly.

Disadvantages of Cache Memory

Cache memory data is prepared during the use of the application and creates a temporary file related to that application which is in use of your CPU but the data is not automatically deleted from the cache memory. The size of the cache memory is very small. Because it fills up quickly and your computer and mobile hangs.

What is the remedy

To avoid the cache memory getting full, keep cleaning it at intervals of some time, this will not harm your computer or phone, the CPU will prepare it as per your requirement.

Amazing facts related to Science

• Every year about 98 percent of our body’s atoms change.

• Warm water is heavier than cold water.

• All the planets in the Solar System can fit into Jupiter.

• The term ‘Scientist’ was first used in 1883.

• Lightning falling from the sky is 5 times hotter than the Sun.

• When astronauts return from space, their length increases by 2 inches. This is because the flexible bones attached to our spine tend to stretch in the absence of the force of gravity.

• A person can live a month without food but 7 days without water. If the amount of water in the body decreases by 1%, then you start feeling thirsty. If this quantity falls below 10 per cent, you will die.

• Earth is the only planet that has not been named after any deity or has a masculine name.

• The Celsius scale was more intelligently created than the Fahrenheit scale for measuring temperature from one point of view. But, its creator, Andro Celsius, was a scientist of an ignorant nature. When he first developed this scale, he mistakenly made the deposit rating 100 the boiling point 0 degrees. No one could dare to ask him to rectify this mistake. Scientists waited for his death to fix the scale.

• An astronomer, Frank Drake, taking into account many facts related to space, with the help of many equations, showed that our galaxy (galaxy) may have thousands of planets other than Earth on which life can be possible. Not only this, according to the great mathematician Carl Sagan in 1974, there should be one million civilizations in our galaxy itself.

• The radioactive element americanium-241 is used in many fumes.

• If you go to space you will die before the body explodes instead of suffocating because there is no air pressure.

• So far only one artificial satellite has been destroyed by 1 meteorite.

• This satellite was the European Space Agency’s Olympics (1993).Plutonium is the first man-made element.

• When hydrogen burns in air, water is formed as a result of this reaction.

• It takes 100,000 years for light to travel from one end of the galaxy to the other.

Amazing Technology facts

• Do you know that the mouse we use in daily life was made of first thing, then it was first made of wood.

• Around 5000 computer viruses are created every month so it would be good for you to keep your computer antivirus updated regularly.

• The world’s first hard disks could store only 5 MB of data, nowadays, the size of a photo taken from a mobile is more than this.

• Email existed even before the World Wide Web www.

• Radio took 38 years to reach 50 million people.

• Radio took 38 years, TV 13 years and Internet only 4 years to reach 50 million people.

• “Computer Safety Day” is celebrated on 30th November.

• Google uses 15 billion kWh of electricity every year, which is more than many countries.

• The term “World Wide Web” (WWW) was coined by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990.

• Until 1995, domain registration was absolutely free.

• Video games started selling in DVDs only after 2008.

• The name Instagram comes from the combination of “instant camera” and “telegram”.

• Which WhatsApp was bought by Facebook for $ 19 billion. Its cofounder Brian Acton at one time didn’t think it was worth hiring them.

• The world’s first video camera recorder was as big as a piano.

•The Qerty layout keyboard was designed to slow you down.

Interesting Science facts

Today we will know the amazing and interesting facts related to science –

General science facts

• If a human’s DNA is uncovered completely, it will be so long that we can measure the distance from Sun to Pluto, and then from Pluto to Sun.

• When we sneeze, it travels up to 100 miles per hour.

• Dehika(Flea) can jump 130 times higher than her height. So if Flea was a 6 foot tall human, she would jump 780 feet comfortably, without any superpowers!

• An electric eel fish can generate up to 650 volts of electricity. Touch it and get the biggest shock of your life!

• It takes 40,000 years for a photon to travel from the center of the Sun to the surface of the Sun. But it takes only 8 minutes(approx.) to reach the Earth surface of the Sun.

Earth science facts

• The age of the Earth is 4 to 6 billion years. The Sun and the Moon are also close.

• Our Earth is made up of iron, carbon, silicon and a little magnesium, not just humans.

• Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has 21 percent oxygen in its atmosphere and water on its surface.

• Earth’s surface is made up of tectonic plates that float on the rocky mantle between Earth’s core and surface. For this reason earthquakes occur on the Earth and volcanoes also erupt. That is the whole Earth is not made up of single piece of land but of many pieces!

• There are about 8.7 million types of living species on the earth. Of which 2.2 million are found only ocean.

• Three-fourths of the earth is water. That is why when the astronauts saw the earth from space, they saw it mostly blue and it got the name ‘Blue Planet’.

Environmental science facts

• Plastic takes 450 years to decompose while glass takes some 4,000 years!

• We cut 27,000 trees a day just to make toilet paper.

• Of the total water on the earth, 97 percent is salty amd 2 percent is frozen. Because of which we have only 1 percent water to drink and for all activities!

• The meat industry is one of the biggest contributors to global warming. Cutting down of trees comes in second place. About 68 percent of the plants will become extinct.

• The world population is a little over 7 billion and is projected to increase to 8 billion by 2025.

• 99 percent of the species that have ever lived on earth are already extinct.

Animal science facts

• Octopus has three hearts! Weird isn’t it?

• Do you know? The lobster urinates through its face and the tortoise can breathe through its butt!

• Seahorses do not have females, but males give birth to babies!

• Kakapo bird has a very strong musty smell. Predators are attracted to it because of its smell. It is critically endangered.

• Squirrels grow more trees in their lifetime than a average human. They forgets their walnuts and acorns by hiding them under the ground.

• 90% of the prey is done by the lioness. The lion comes forward only when the lioness needs his help.

Plants science facts

• Like humans, trees and plants recognise their siblings and take care of them.

• There are 80,000 types of plant food species on Earth, of which we only eat 30.

• Man is continuously destroying forests. We have destroyed 80% of the forest.

• The oldest living tree in the world is in California, which is 4,843 years old.

• The tallest tree in the world is also in California. His height is 379.1 feet

• The world’s largest creature is also a tree, which is in Utah. Its weight is about 6,000 tons.

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What is Hi-Fi

Till now you had understood what is Wi-Fi, what is Li-Fi. Now today we know about Hi-Fi. But this is not the word which is commonly used by the people to show the quality. It is a technology which is used by you for long time. Lets know what is Hi-Fi –

The full form of Hi-Fi is High Fidelity. In fact, in nowadays Hi-Fi is related with audio or sound. With the help of this technology the quality of audio can be better or improved and it will be audible to you. This technology has been going on since the speaker was invented. For example , in year 1960 when historical Indian movie Mughal-e-Aazam was released. After coloring this movie; sound system was also made digital because this movie’s recorded audio is not good according to today’s sound system there were many flaws in that recorded audio. But it was right in that period when it was released. That is, work on Hi-Fi(High Fidelity) has been going on for a long time.

So what is High Fidelity (Hi-Fi) sound. It can be said as, when you hear this sound after closing your eyes you feel like you are present at that place and listening a real voice not a recorded voice.

In today’s world all sound system like speaker, headphones and stereo systems all are made using this (Hi-Fi) technology. By which you can experience any sound like real sound. Due to which sometime the condition of real sonic illusion can also arises.

What is Li-Fi

Till now you use Wi-Fi technology to make wireless network. But it doesn’t take time to change technology. A new technology had came i.e. Li-Fi. Li-Fi speed is 1000 times more than Wi-Fi. Lets know what is Li-Fi –

Full form of Li-Fi is Light Fidelity. It is invented by professor/engineer Harald Hass in year 2011. Who is also the CEO of Pureli-fi. It provides wireless network like Wi-Fi.

Wi-Fi is based on Radio frequency. opposite of it,Li-Fi is based on light. Who is able to transfer data 100 times faster than Wi-Fi. To transfer data in Li-Fi technology it use LED bulb it means in this technology data transfers through Visible Light Communication(VLC). It works similarly like your television remote.

Li-Fi technology has an advantage that it do not blocks any other radio signal. That’s why it is used in those places where radio signal blockage is mostly caused like aeroplanes. It also has a disadvantage, since it is based on light it is unable to pass over a wall or some solid substance like Wi-Fi.

What is User Interface

What is User Interface or UI? You must have heard this word many times often when you read review about some phone before going to buy it. Then what is UI or User Interface meaning and how it works for you. Come on and let’s try to find out this –

When you are working with any machine you have noticed no matter what is it computer, microwave oven or mobile there you will see some instruction these can be in form graphics, button, switch etc. When you command your machine, computer or phone using these instructions there is a communication establish between you and your machine. If simply put, you and the machine have a conversation. The medium who establish this conversation is called User Interface (U.I). User Interface is also called Human Machine Interface (HMI).

In present time, the main system in UI which is provided to run the smartphone or computer is Operating System. It provides you Graphical User Interface. Where you see icons and images and by clicking these icons you commands your computer with the help of keyboard and mouse and in mobile with the help of touch screen.

Operating System is a system software it means operating system controls all internal activities of your computer and gives you(user) such a interface by which you can easily operate your phone or computer.

Types of User Interface

GUI

Full form of GUI is Graphical User Interface and as it represents by its name this interface is based on graphics. It means with the help of mouse and keyboard you can give input to your computer and interface given there is graphical or here are many icons or images. This is very easy interface which is easily operated by any user.

Web User Interface

This is also a graphical user interface in which web page is so designed that whenever it reaches to any user through internet its output and layout look very good and attractive. The layout or interface of any web page is very important.

Command Line Interface

In this interface, computer is commanded with keyboard by typing a command string and its output can be seen on computer monitor.

Hardware User Interface

In commonly used home appliances we command them by buttons, touch screen or switches and all command given to these hardwares are only with the help of User Interface. And it helps you to control any machine easily.

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